The skin is a vital organ and is the largest extension of the body. It consists of three distinct parts: [1.1]

• The epidermis, which is the outermost layer. The stratum corneum, which is the outermost part of the epidermis and acts as a physical barrier, protecting the body from external factors such as high temperatures, ultraviolet radiation, and infection.
• The dermis, which is the middle layer. They contain blood vessels that supply the outer layer. The dermis also contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings.
• The underlying dermis (hypodermis), or subcutaneous tissue, is the deepest layer of the skin. It is also the thickest part, which contains fat cells allow the body to regulate its temperature.

The skin helps protect the body from physical and mechanical factors and acts as a barrier to the external environment. So it is necessary for one to take good care of their skin. In particular, the skin performs the following functions [2.1]:

• It prevents the body's enemies such as chemical agents, bacteria, viruses, and ultraviolet rays from entering the body;
• It regulates body temperature perspiration;
• it is involved in vitamin D production;

Types of wounds

A wound is an injury to the surface layer of the skin that causes pain. Wounds such as cuts, abrasions, and minor burns are things we know very well because they are part of our daily lives, but in the case of first aid it is important to understand the type of wound we are facing.

Wounds can be classified according to depth and are divided into [3.1]

• superficial;
• deep;
• penetrating (connection between the body cavity and the outside);
• internal (infecting internal organs).

We also talk, depending on the mechanism by which the wounds occur, about [3.2][3.3]:

• contusions
• abrasions
• cutting wounds
• Lacerations and bruises
• Firearm wounds

There is also system that takes into account degrees of wound cleanliness. So there may be wounds [3.4]:

• clean wounds;
• contaminated wounds;

One way to tell if a wound is infected is to see if there are any signs, including: [3.5]

• swelling;
• severe pus leakage from the wound;
• bad smell coming from the wound;
• unwellness is also accompanied by fever.

Types of treatment

Wound treatment primarily includes dressing the wound itself. This procedure does not require special skills but must be performed with care and attention. You just need to follow a few simple rules [4.1]:

• Hands should be washed carefully
• Do not touch the wound or the part of the patch or gauze that will be in contact with the wound with your hands
• The patch or gauze should be removed, being careful not to damage the new skin that is forming

For the treatment of wounds, there are medicines in pharmacies, for adults and children, in various formulations: ointments, creams, sprays, etc., depending on the ingredients present, or the type and consistency of the preparation. Creams, for example, are low in greasy and easy to spread, which is why they are suitable for applying over large areas, and in generous quantities. There are also specific products to treat wounds on the face.